Factors governing gastrointestinal motility

Introduction: The reasons for the rapid resolution of diabetes (DM) following bariatric surgery in a significant proportion of patients with morbid obesity remain unclear. This thesis investigates the putative role of changes in gastrointestinal (GI) motility and GI hormones as well as the possible significance of alterations in energy expenditure that occur as a consequence of weight loss.Methodology: My preliminary studies involved a systematic review of GI motility in obesity, and retrospective studies measuring GI motility with alternative methods including capsule endoscopy and hydrogen breath test. Subsequent to this I measured changes in GI motility in two very different patient cohorts; one following bariatric surgery for morbid obesity and the other a group of patients with proven gastroparesis treated with gastric neuromodulation (GNM). Parallel to the above I conducted studies of indirect calorimetry in these patients in an attempt to determine if changes in energy expenditure which occur as a consequence of weight loss were significant.Results: In our prospective study temporary GNM significantly improved gastric emptying and nutritional intake.There was conclusive evidence to causally relate alterations in GI motility and Glucagon like peptide -1 (GLP-1) with weight loss and resolution of DM following bariatric surgery.An interesting "spin off" result of my studies was validation of capsule endoscopy (CE) as a means of assessing GI motility.My results obtained from measure if indirect calorimetrty clearly show that standard equations tend to over estimate the energy requirements of this group. The implications of this are discussed.Conclusions:1. Fast pouch emptying; an early and exaggerated GLP-1 response contributes in resolution of type 2 diabetes following RYGB.2. GNM is an effective treatment for gastroparesis.3. Capsule endoscopy may be used to assess GI motility.4. Prediction equations over estimate energy requirements in morbidly obese patients

Study on polymeric nanofibers for biomedical applications (生物医学応用のための高分子ナノファイバーに関する研究)

信州大学(Shinshu university)博士（工学）この博士論文は、次の学術雑誌論文を一部に使用しています。 / ACS Applied Nano Materials 3(7) :7231-7241(2020); doi:10.1021/acsanm.0c01562 © 2020 American Chemical Society/ RSC Advances 9 :268-277(2019); doi:10.1039/C8RA09082C © 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry/ Polymers 13(20) :3594(2021); doi:10.3390/polym13203594ThesisSANA ULLAH. Study on polymeric nanofibers for biomedical applications (生物医学応用のための高分子ナノファイバーに関する研究). 信州大学, 2023, 博士論文. 博士（工学）, 甲第800号, 令和05年03月20日授与.doctoral thesi

Effect of Different Irrigation Schedules on The Growth and Yield Performance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties Assessment in District Awaran (Balochistan)

The field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different irrigation schedules on growth and yield Performance of wheat varieties assessment in district Awaran Balochistan was conducted at Tehsil Mashkai District Awaran, Balochistan during Rabi 2012-13. The experiment was layout in a three replicated randomized complete block design (Factorial) having net plot size of 6.0 m2. Three wheat varieties i.e. Sassui, TD-1 and Raskoh-2005 were evaluated for their performance against three irrigation schedules i.e. five irrigations (1st 25 DAS and subsequent irrigations at 15 days interval), four irrigations (1st 30 DAS and subsequent irrigations at 20 days interval) and three irrigations (1st 35 DAS and subsequent irrigations at 25 days interval). The results showed that plant height, differed highly significantly (P<0.01) for irrigation schedules, and non-significantly (P>0.05) for verities and interaction. Spikelet’s spike-1 and seed index highly significant (P<0.01) for irrigation and verities whereas non-significantly (P>0.05) for interaction. Tillers, spike length, grains spike-1, biological yield and grain yield showed highly significant (P<0.01) effects for irrigation schedules, varieties and their interaction, whereas harvest index was influenced highly significantly (P<0.01) between irrigation schedules and varieties and significantly (P<0.05) for their interaction. The wheat crop irrigated five times resulted maximum plant height (86.206 cm), tillers m-2 (402.11), spike length (12.040 cm) spikelet’s spike-1 (18.979), grains spike-1 ( 47.099), seed index (44.580 g), biological yield, (13732 kg ha-1), grain yield (6999.30 kg ha-1) and harvest index (50.95%) as compared to four irrigations and three irrigations. Among varieties Sassui ranked 1st in all traits studied particularly grain yield (5818.80 kg ha-1) followed by TD-1 (5407.4 kg ha-1) and Raskoh-2005 (5014 kg ha-1). However, it is concluded that interaction of five irrigations and wheat variety Sassui proved optimum for obtaining maximum grain yield (7444.70 kg ha-1). Keywords: Wheat, Varieties, Irrigation Schedules, Growth, Yiel

A Review of Wireless Body Area Networks for Medical Applications

Recent advances in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, integrated circuits, and wireless communication have allowed the realization of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). WBANs promise unobtrusive ambulatory health monitoring for a long period of time and provide real-time updates of the patient's status to the physician. They are widely used for ubiquitous healthcare, entertainment, and military applications. This paper reviews the key aspects of WBANs for numerous applications. We present a WBAN infrastructure that provides solutions to on-demand, emergency, and normal traffic. We further discuss in-body antenna design and low-power MAC protocol for WBAN. In addition, we briefly outline some of the WBAN applications with examples. Our discussion realizes a need for new power-efficient solutions towards in-body and on-body sensor networks.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, and 3 tables. In V3, the manuscript is converted to LaTe

Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.15.6 Contention-based MAC Protocol

IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE ICC 2015). 8 to 12, Jun, 2015, IEEE ICC 2015 - Communications QoS, Reliability and Modeling, London, United Kingdom.IEEE 802.15.6 facilitates communication in the vicinity of or even inside a human body to serve heterogeneous medical, consumer electronics, and entertainment applications. This standard operates in beacon and non-beacon communication modes, and each mode employs different protocols, including CSMA/CA, for resource allocation on the channel. The CSMA/CA protocol presented in IEEE 802.15.6 allows quick and prioritized access to the channel by differentiating contention window bounds of nodes with different priorities. This paper provides a simple and accurate analytical model to estimate the throughput, energy consumption, and delay of this protocol for different priority classes, under the assumption of a finite number of nodes in saturated and lossy channel conditions. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated by simulations. The results obtained in this paper can be used to design standard priority parameters for medical and non-medical applications